U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Guion S. Bluford became
the first African American to travel into space when the
space shuttle Challenger lifted off on its third mission. It
was the first night launch of a space shuttle, and many
people stayed up late to watch the spacecraft roar up
from Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 2:32 a.m.

The Challenger spent six days in space, during which time
Bluford and his four fellow crew members launched a
communications satellite for the government of India,
made contact with an errant communications satellite,
conducted scientific experiments, and tested the shuttle’s
robotic arm.

Guion Stewart Bluford Jr. will be 82 years old on
November 22.

The U.S. Congress passed legislation establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a civilian
agency responsible for coordinating America’s activities in
space, on July 29, 1958.

NASA has since sponsored space expeditions, both human
and mechanical, that have yielded vital information about the
solar system and universe.        
         

It has also launched numerous earth-orbiting satellites that have
been instrumental in everything from weather forecasting to
navigation to global communications.

NASA was created in response to the Soviet Union’s October 4,
1957 launch of its first satellite, Sputnik I.

President Eisenhower with Hugh Dryden and T. Keith
Glennan, August 19, 1958. Eisenhower (center) swears
in Dr. T. Keith Glennan (right) as the first administrator
of NASA, and Dr. Hugh Dryden (left) as deputy
administrator.

At 12:51 EDT on July 24, 1969, Apollo 11, the U.S. spacecraft that
had taken the first astronauts to the surface of the moon, safely
returned to Earth.

President Richard M. Nixon was in the central Pacific recovery
area to welcome the Apollo 11 astronauts aboard the USS Hornet,
prime recovery ship for the historic Apollo 11 lunar landing
mission. Already confined to the Mobile Quarantine Facility
are (left to right) Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael
Collins, command module pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar
module pilot.

At 10:56 p.m. EDT, American astronaut Neil Armstrong, 240,000
miles from Earth, speaks these words to more than a billion
people listening at home: “That’s one small step for a man, one
giant leap for mankind.” Stepping off the lunar module Eagle,
Armstrong became the first human to walk on the surface of
the moon.

   
CARLATA BRADLEY

At the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York, a woman’s
rights convention—the first ever held in the United States—
convened with almost 200 women in attendance.

The convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth
Cady Stanton, two abolitionists who met at the 1840 World Anti-
Slavery Convention in London.