On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, a groundbreaking
scientific work by British naturalist Charles Darwin, was published in
England. Darwin’s theory argued that organisms gradually evolve through
a process he called “natural selection.” In natural selection, organisms
with genetic variations that suit their environment tend to propagate more descendants than organisms of the same species that lack the variation,
thus influencing the overall genetic makeup of the species.

Darwin, who was influenced by the work of French naturalist Jean-Baptiste
de Lamarck and the English economist Thomas Mathus, acquired most of
the evidence for his theory during a five-year surveying expedition aboard
the HMS Beagle in the 1830s. Visiting such diverse places as the Galapagos
Islands and New Zealand, Darwin acquired an intimate knowledge of the
flora, fauna, and geology of many lands. This information, along with his
studies in variation and interbreeding after returning to England, proved
invaluable in the development of his theory of organic evolution.

Charles Robert Darwin (February 12, 1809 – April 19, 1882)  

MIKE GRACIA

The New York "Lantern" newspaper published the first "Uncle Sam cartoon" on this day in 1852 and quickly became the symbol of the
United States. The editorial cartoon, “Raising the Wind; or, Both
Sides of the Story,” was drawn by Frank Henry Bellew (below). It
was used in criticizing U.S. policies on shipping.

 

Frank Henry Temple Bellew
(April 18, 1828 – June 29, 1888)

The Dunblane school massacre took place at Dunblane Primary School (above) near Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on 13 March 1996, when Thomas Hamilton shot 16 children and one teacher dead before killing himself. It remains the deadliest mass shooting in British history
                                                                                                                                              

Public debate about the killings centered on gun control laws, including public petitions calling for a ban on private ownership of handguns and an official
inquiry, which produced the 1996 Cullen Reports. In response to this debate,
two new Firearms Acts were passed, which outlawed private ownership of
most handguns in Great Britain.

Thomas Watt Hamilton  (May 10, 1952 – March 13, 1996)

A memorial at the Dunblane primary school in Scotland, where a 43-
year-old former shopkeeper with four handguns stormed the school
gymnasium.

ROSS SIMPSON

On this day in 1831, Charles Darwin (above) set out on a
voyage to the Pacific aboard the HMS Beagle. Darwin’s
discoveries during the voyage helped him form the basis
of his theories on evolution.

The British naval vessel HMS Beagle.

James Barrie’s play "Peter Pan" premiered in London
on this day in 1904.

Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet (May 9, 1860 – June 19, 1937)  

Historical newspaper report on “Peter Pan”.

Peter Pan statue by Sir George Frampton in Kensington
Gardens, London.

TIM MAGUIRE

On this day in 1963, Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby (below) shot
and killed Lee Harvey Oswald live on national television.

The pistol that Jack Ruby used to kill Lee Harvey
Oswald.

It was on November 22, two days before the shooting of Oswald.

On this day in 1971, hijacker Dan Cooper, known as D.B. Cooper, parachuted from a Northwest Airlines 727 over Washington state
with $200,000 in ransom money.

August 1972

 
MIKE GRACIA

The New York "Lantern" newspaper published the first "Uncle Sam cartoon" on this day in 1852. It quickly became the symbol of the
United States.

   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

On this day in 1925, a law in Tennessee that prohibited the teaching
of evolution went into effect. 
 
   

On this day in 1996, the Dunblane Massacre occurred at a Scottish
elementary school. Thomas Hamilton, pictured above, murdered
16 children and their teacher before turning the gun on himself.

Relatives near the Dunblane primary school on the day of the
shooting.

The musical "Brigadoon" opened at the Ziegfeld Theater in New
York City on this day in 1947.