PORTLAND, Ore. (KOIN-TV) — Mike Donahue, who became one
of the most trusted journalists ever in Portland during a 44-
year career with KOIN 6 News, has died following a lengthy
battle with pancreatic cancer. He was 77.

After more than four years of Nazi occupation, Paris was liberated
by the French 2nd Armored Division and the U.S. 4th Infantry
Division. German resistance was light, and General Dietrich von
Choltitz, commander of the German garrison, defied an order by
Adolf Hitler to blow up Paris’ landmarks and burn the city to the
ground before its liberation. Choltitz signed a formal surrender
that afternoon, and on August 26, Free French General Charles
de Gaulle led a joyous liberation march down the Champs
d’Elysees.

Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz 
(9 November 1894 – 5 November 1966)

Widely referred to as the ditto machine, the spirit duplicator
was essentially an early printer invented in 1923 by Wilhelm
Ritzerfeld. Its name "spirit duplicator" refers to the alcohols
or “spirits” which were used as inks.

They were mainly used in organizations like schools, churches,
and various clubs. Basically, any place that often needed to
produce learning materials, newsletters, brochures, and event
flyers. Because hey had the ability to print multiple colors in a
single pass, they became very popular with cartoonists.

Initially, the fluid consisted of a 50/50 mix of isopropanol and
methanol. In 1938 a nonflammable solvent came out and had
a pleasant odor. It was 10% of monofluoro tri-chloro methane
and 90% of a mixture of 50% methyl alcohol, 40% ethyl alcohol,
5% water and 5% of ethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether. 

Sarah Norman 

?
1959

Crayola was founded as Binney & Smith Company by cousins
Edwin Binney and Charles Harold Smith (below) in New York
City in 1885.

  
Edwin Binney                        C. Harold Smith

Comparison of the original two Crayola No. 8 boxes
showing each side of the 1904 Gold Medal they
received.

On August 25, 1939, The Wizard of Oz, which became one
of the best-loved movies in history, opened in theaters
around the United States.

Nominated for an Academy Award in the Best Picture
category, The Wizard of Oz lost to the Civil War–era
epic Gone With the Wind. The Wizard of Oz won a
Best Song Oscar for “Over the Rainbow,” which
became one of Garland’s signature hits. Garland
won a special award at that year’s Oscar ceremony,
for Best Juvenile Performer.