"The opening of the fight at Wounded Knee", engraved illustration by Frederic Remington. Appeared in
Harper’s Weekly, 1891.        

On December 29, 1890, in one of the final chapters of America’s
long Indian wars, the U.S. Cavalry killed 146 Lakota Indians at
Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota.

A depiction of the Ghost Dance.

US Attorney General Eric Holder laying a wreath at the
site of the Wounded Knee Memorial.

On July 15, 1978, the “Longest Walk”—a 2,800-mile trek for
Native American justice that had started with several hundred
marchers in California in California—ended in Washington,
D.C., accompanied by thousands of supporters.

TIM MAGUIRE

Thirteen years after American settlers founded the city named
for him, Chief Seattle died in a nearby village of his people.

Born sometime around 1790, Seattle (Seathl) was a chief of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes who lived around the Pacific
Coast bay that is today called Puget Sound.

The copper statue shows Seattle with his right hand extended
as if in greeting. The statue stands atop a stone base that was
designed to serve as a fountain, although the fountain has been
turned off and on over the years.

The statue was sculpted by James Wehn and was unveiled
November 13, 1912.

President Coolidge stands with four Osage Indians at a White House ceremony.

On this day in 1924, President Calvin Coolidge signed into
law the Indian Citizenship Act, which granted citizenship
to all Native Americans born in the United States, many
of whom had served in the armed forces during World
War I.

While the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution defines a citizen as any persons born in
the United States and subject to its laws and jurisdiction,
the amendment had previously been interpreted by the
courts not to apply to Native peoples.

Calvin Coolidge (July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933)