On April 20, 1999, two teenage gunmen killed 13 people in a
shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton,
Colorado, south of Denver.

At approximately 11:19 a.m., Dylan Klebold, 17, and Eric Harris,
18, dressed in trench coats, began shooting students outside
the school before moving inside to continue their rampage. By
11:35 a.m., Klebold and Harris had killed 12 fellow students and
a teacher and wounded another 23 people. Shortly after noon,
the two teens turned their guns on themselves and died by
suicide
  .

The event prompted a national debate on gun control and school
safety, as well as a major investigation to determine what
motivated the teen gunmen. In the days immediately following
the shootings, it was speculated that Klebold and Harris
purposely chose jocks, minorities and Christians as their
victims.

A fire at Our Lady of Angels grade school in Chicago killed
87 children and three nuns on December 1, 1958; five more
children later died as a result of their injuries.

The Our Lady of Angels School was operated by the Sisters
of Charity in Chicago.

Widely referred to as the ditto machine, the spirit duplicator
was essentially an early printer invented in 1923 by Wilhelm
Ritzerfeld. Its name "spirit duplicator" refers to the alcohols
or “spirits” which were used as inks.

They were mainly used in organizations like schools, churches,
and various clubs. Basically, any place that often needed to
produce learning materials, newsletters, brochures, and event
flyers. Because hey had the ability to print multiple colors in a
single pass, they became very popular with cartoonists.

Initially, the fluid consisted of a 50/50 mix of isopropanol and
methanol. In 1938 a nonflammable solvent came out and had
a pleasant odor. It was 10% of monofluoro tri-chloro methane
and 90% of a mixture of 50% methyl alcohol, 40% ethyl alcohol,
5% water and 5% of ethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether. 

Sarah Norman 

?
1959

Crayola was founded as Binney & Smith Company by cousins
Edwin Binney and Charles Harold Smith (below) in New York
City in 1885.

  
Edwin Binney                        C. Harold Smith

Comparison of the original two Crayola No. 8 boxes
showing each side of the 1904 Gold Medal they
received.

CAMILLI
BOHANNON