Rosa Louise McCauley Parks
(February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005)

(FOX NEWS) – Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old African American
seamstress and local activist, refused to give up her seat
to a White passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama, public
bus on this day in history, Dec. 1, 1955.

"The only tired I was, was tired of giving in," Parks said of
her decision to challenge local authority.

Black bus riders were required to sit in the back of the bus,
and to also give up those seats to White riders if the front
seats were filled, under local Montgomery ordinance.

Rosa Parks is fingerprinted by police Lt. D.H. Lackey in Montgomery, Ala. after her arrest for civil disobedience.

(FOX NEWS) – Retired Associate Justice Sandra Day O’Connor,
the first woman to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court, has died. 

The high court said O’Connor died Friday morning in Phoenix
of complications related to advanced dementia, probably
Alzheimer’s, and a respiratory illness.

O’Connor is sworn in by Chief Justice Warren Burger as
her husband John O’Connor looks on.

A fire at Our Lady of Angels grade school in Chicago killed
87 children and three nuns on December 1, 1958; five more
children later died as a result of their injuries.

The Our Lady of Angels School was operated by the Sisters
of Charity in Chicago.

                                                

1962

Frances Hussey Sternhagen
(January 13, 1930 – November 27, 2023 at age 93)

 
Sternhagen was a popular character actress who
appeared on– and off-Broadway, in movies, and
on television for over six decades. She received
numerous accolades including two Tony Awards,
a Drama Desk Award, a Saturn Award, as well as
nominations for three Primetime Emmy Awards.

She gained prominence and Primetime Emmy
Award nominations for her recurring roles as
Esther Clavin in the NBC sitcom Cheers
(1986–1993).

Mark Twain at age 31.

Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)
(November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910)

Clemens was apprenticed to a printer at age 13 and later
worked for his older brother, who established the Hannibal
Journal. In 1857, the Keokuk Daily Post commissioned him
to write a series of comic travel letters, but after writing five
he decided to become a steamboat captain instead. He signed
on as a pilot’s apprentice in 1857 and received his pilot’s
license in 1859, when he was 23.

Clemens piloted boats for two years, until the Civil War halted
steamboat traffic. During his time as a pilot, he picked up the
term “Mark Twain,” a boatman’s call noting that the river was
only two fathoms deep, the minimum depth for safe navigation.

When Clemens returned to writing in 1861, working for the
Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, he wrote a humorous travel
letter signed by “Mark Twain” and continued to use the
pseudonym for nearly 50 years.