On December 10, 1690, a failed attack on Quebec and
subsequent near-mutiny force the Massachusetts Bay
Colony to issue the first paper currency in the history
of the Western Hemisphere.

Sir William Phips
(February 2, 1651 – February 18, 1695)

The envoy of Sir William Phips (right) demanding the
surrender of Quebec, 1690.

On November 17, 2003, the actor and former bodybuilder
Arnold Schwarzenegger was sworn in as the 38th governor
of California at the State Capitol in Sacramento.

Prior to Schwarzenegger, another famous actor, Ronald
Reagan, served as the 33rd governor of California from
1967 to 1975 before going on to become the nation’s
40th president in 1980.

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger is 78.

 
CARLATA BRADLEY

A Russian nuclear submarine sank to the bottom of the Barents
Sea on August 12, 2000; all 118 crew members are later found
dead. The exact cause of the disaster remains unknown.

Kursk left port on August 10 to take part in war games with the
Russian military. Russian ships, planes and submarines met
up in the Barents Sea, which is above the Arctic Circle, to
practice military maneuvers.

During an outdoor rally in Laurel, Maryland, George Wallace 
(right) the governor of Alabama and a presidential candidate
was shot by 21-year-old Arthur Bremer (left).

On June 8, Shirley Chisholm, the first African American 
woman elected to Congress and one of Wallace’s opponents
for the Democratic nomination, famously visited him in the
hospital to wish him well.

He remained in the hospital for several months, bringing his
third presidential campaign to an irrevocable end.

After his shooting, a hospitalized George C.
Wallace holds up a newspaper touting his
victories in the Maryland and Michigan
Democratic presidential primaries.

George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September
13, 1998).

Scene on the Erie Canal, 1842; wash drawing.

The canal was a major achievement that improved the nation’s transportation infrastructure and provided great economic
benefit for much of the country.

The Erie Canal opened, connecting the Great Lakes with the
Atlantic Ocean via the Hudson River. Governor DeWitt Clinton
of New York, the driving force behind the project, led the
opening ceremonies and rode the canal boat Seneca Chief
from Buffalo to New York City.

Work began on the waterway in 1817. Teams of oxen plowed
the ground, but for the most part the work was done by
immigrants, among them Irish diggers who had to rely on
primitive tools. They were paid $10 a month, and barrels of
whisky were placed along the canal route as encouragement.

Erie Canal Opening with Governor Clinton (1769-1828).