On this day in 1751, James Madison, drafter of the Constitution,
recorder of the Constitutional Convention, author of the Federalist 
Papers and fourth president of the United States, was born on a
plantation in Virginia.

Madison first distinguished himself as a student at the College
of New Jersey (now Princeton University), where he successfully completed a four-year course of study in two years and, in 1769,
helped found the American Whig Society, the second literary and
debate society at Princeton (and the world), to rival the previously established Cliosophic Society.

Presidents’ Day, officially Washington’s Birthday, is a holiday in the
U.S. celebrated on the third Monday of February to honor all persons who served in the office of president of the United States and a federal 
holiday specifically honoring George Washington, who led the
Continental Army to victory in the American Revolutionary War,
presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and was the first president of the United States.

Washington’s Birthday was celebrated on February 22 from 1879
until 1971, when the Uniform Monday Holiday Act moved it to the
third Monday in February, which can occur from February 15 to the 21st.The day eventually also became known as Presidents’ Day^.
(though the placement of the apostrophe, if any, varies) and is
most often an occasion to remember all U.S. presidents, or to
honor Abraham Lincoln‘s and Washington’s birthdays together.

Over 145 million Valentine’s Day cards are sold each year, the
second most purchased seasonal card in the U.S. While the
holiday’s exact origin is up for debate, the celebration of love
and friendship we know today first gained popularity in the U.S.
during the mid-19th century.

During this time, Esther Howland of Worcester, MA, is credited
with mass-producing the first American valentines. Romantic
European cards inspired Howland to design and create her first valentines by hand—intricate, layered collages of ribbons, lace,
and paper ornaments. In 1913, Hallmark (then Hall Brothers)
printed their first Valentine’s Day card, making the tradition
more accessible and affordable.

The sentiment and imagery expressed by valentines changed in popularity over time. The Victorian era favored cherubs, hearts,
and flowers paired with romantic poetry. In the 1920s and 30s,
cards featuring die-cut shapes, animals, and children became
prevalent and often included playful messages with puns and
wordplay.

Martin Luther King Jr.  (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)