On June 13, 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision in Miranda
v. Arizona, establishing the principle that all criminal suspects must be advised
of their rights before interrogation. Now considered standard police procedure, “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can, and will, be used against you in court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot a
fford one, one will be appointed to you,” has been heard so many times in television and film dramas that it has become almost cliché.

The roots of the Miranda decision go back to March 2, 1963, when an 18-year-
old Phoenix woman told police that she had been abducted, driven to the
desert and raped. Detectives questioning her story gave her a polygraph test,
but the results were inconclusive. However, tracking the license plate number
of a car that resembled that of her attacker’s brought police to Ernesto Miranda,
a laborer who had a prior record as a peeping tom. Although the victim did not identify Miranda in a line-up, he was brought into police custody and
interrogated.

What happened next is disputed, but officers left the interrogation with a confession that Miranda later recanted, unaware that he didn’t have to say
anything at all.

Ernesto Arturo Miranda
(March 9, 1941 – January 31, 1976)

MIKE GRACIA

The New York "Lantern" newspaper published the first "Uncle Sam cartoon" on this day in 1852 and quickly became the symbol of the
United States. The editorial cartoon, “Raising the Wind; or, Both
Sides of the Story,” was drawn by Frank Henry Bellew (below). It
was used in criticizing U.S. policies on shipping.

 

Frank Henry Temple Bellew
(April 18, 1828 – June 29, 1888)

The Dunblane school massacre took place at Dunblane Primary School (above) near Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland, on 13 March 1996, when Thomas Hamilton shot 16 children and one teacher dead before killing himself. It remains the deadliest mass shooting in British history
                                                                                                                                              

Public debate about the killings centered on gun control laws, including public petitions calling for a ban on private ownership of handguns and an official
inquiry, which produced the 1996 Cullen Reports. In response to this debate,
two new Firearms Acts were passed, which outlawed private ownership of
most handguns in Great Britain.

Thomas Watt Hamilton  (May 10, 1952 – March 13, 1996)

A memorial at the Dunblane primary school in Scotland, where a 43-
year-old former shopkeeper with four handguns stormed the school
gymnasium.

TIM MAGUIRE

The New York Times began publishing the "Pentagon Papers" on
this day in 1971. The articles were a secret study of America’s involvement in Vietnam.

On this day in 1967, Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall (left) was
nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson (right) to become the
first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.

The landmark "Miranda v. Arizona" decision was issued by the U.S. Supreme Court on this day in 1966 . The decision ruled that criminal suspects had to be informed of their constitutional rights before
being questioned by police.

China’s Boxer Rebellion against foreigners and Chinese Christians erupted into violence on this day in 1900.

The unmanned U.S. space probe Pioneer 10 became the first
spacecraft to leave the solar system on this day in 1983. It was
launched in March 1972. The first up-close images of the planet
Jupiter were provided by Pioneer 10.

Benjamin David "Benny" Goodman
(May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986)

Benny Goodman was a jazz clarinetist and bandleader
known as the "King of Swing”. He led some of the most
“popular musical groups in the mid-1930s. These bands
launched the careers of many major  jazz artists. Despite 

increasing health problems, he continued to play until his
death from a heart attack in New York City in 1986, at the
age of 77,

.

 
MIKE GRACIA

The New York "Lantern" newspaper published the first "Uncle Sam cartoon" on this day in 1852. It quickly became the symbol of the
United States.

   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

On this day in 1925, a law in Tennessee that prohibited the teaching
of evolution went into effect. 
 
   

On this day in 1996, the Dunblane Massacre occurred at a Scottish
elementary school. Thomas Hamilton, pictured above, murdered
16 children and their teacher before turning the gun on himself.

Relatives near the Dunblane primary school on the day of the
shooting.

The musical "Brigadoon" opened at the Ziegfeld Theater in New
York City on this day in 1947.

   
    
    
    
    
    
    
   

TIM MAGUIRE

It was on this day in 1963.

On this day in 2005, President George W. Bush spoke to the nation
from New Orleans, promising the United States government will pay
most of the costs of rebuilding the Gulf Coast ravaged by Hurricane
Katrina. It would be one of the largest reconstruction projects the
world has ever seen.

Bush acknowledged his administration had failed to adequately
respond to Hurricane Katrina, which killed hundreds of people
across five states.

The Nuremberg Laws were enacted by Nazi Germany on this day in
1935. The act stripped all German Jews of their civil rights and the swastika was made the official symbol of Nazi Germany.

On this day in 1950, U.N. forces landed at Inchon, Korea in an
attempt to relieve South Korean forces and recapture Seoul.

British-Hessian troops under the command of General Howe march
through New York as they took over the city during the American
Revolution on this day in 1776. 

British troops landing at Kip’s Bay, Manhattan, New York.

William Oliver Stone is 71 years old today.

Oliver Stone is a screenwriter, film producer, and director of motion
pictures and documentaries. Stone won an Academy Award for Best
Adapted Screenplay as writer of Midnight Express(1978). He also
wrote the acclaimed gangster movie Scarface (1983). As a director,
Stone achieved prominence as director/writer of the war drama
Platoon (1986).  

2006

1963